Understanding Uterine Polyps: Causes and Concerns

Uterine polyps are among the gynecological conditions that can potentially lead to infertility in women if left untreated. So, what exactly are uterine polyps, and how concerning are they?

1. What Are Uterine Polyps?

Uterine polyps, also referred to as endometrial polyps, are abnormal growths that develop within the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus—the organ where fetal development takes place. These growths can present in various forms, such as pedunculated or sessile, and range in size from tiny millimeters, akin to a sesame seed, to several centimeters, resembling a golf ball or even larger. Uterine polyps may appear as singular entities or occur in multiples.

It's noteworthy that uterine polyps are essentially tumors that form within the uterus. While they are most commonly found in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, they can also affect younger individuals.

2. Indications of Uterine Polyps

Uterine polyps often progress quietly, with no conspicuous symptoms. However, the following signs could suggest the presence of uterine polyps:

• Irregular menstrual cycles.
• Abnormal bleeding during menstruation.
• Postmenopausal bleeding.

Irregular or unpredictable menstruation is the most prevalent symptom among individuals with uterine polyps, with approximately half of affected women experiencing this issue.

3. The Severity of Uterine Polyps

If not detected and addressed promptly, uterine polyps can lead to potentially serious complications, including:

• Infertility: The presence of polyps or their growth can distort the uterine lining, hindering fetal implantation.
• Increased Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Uterine polyps can exacerbate hormonal imbalances, contributing to PCOS.

• Gynecological Infections: The excess vaginal discharge associated with uterine polyps can disrupt the vaginal ecosystem, depleting beneficial bacteria and fostering harmful ones, leading to infections like vaginitis, vulvitis, and cervicitis.
• Complications During Pregnancy: Growing uterine polyps during pregnancy can disrupt fetal attachment, increasing the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, fetal malformations, and abnormal fetal development. Pregnant women with uterine polyps also face an elevated risk of placenta previa.
• Elevated Risk of Cervical and Uterine Cancer: While uterine polyps are usually benign, larger polyps can become necrotic and cause bleeding. If left untreated, this condition can lead to uterine cancer, making timely intervention critical.

4. Treating Uterine Polyps

Treatment approaches vary based on the progression of the condition. Small, asymptomatic polyps may resolve on their own with regular monitoring. Other treatment options include:

• Medications: Hormone-regulating drugs can help shrink the uterus and alleviate symptoms. However, symptoms often return once medication is discontinued.
• Laparoscopic Surgery: Surgical removal of uterine polyps via laparoscopy involves inserting instruments through an endoscope to extract the growths.

• Hysterectomy: If a uterine polyp containing cancerous cells is discovered during examination, surgical removal of the entire uterus may be necessary.

Unfortunately, there are no foolproof methods to prevent uterine polyps. Regular gynecological check-ups are crucial. If any unusual signs are noticed, seeking immediate medical attention is essential to enable timely examination and treatment, thus minimizing the risk of severe health complications. Factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, or the use of Tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment can elevate the likelihood of developing polyps.