Recurrence of Postpartum Depression in Subsequent Births: A Closer Look

Postpartum depression affects up to 85% of women, with most experiencing transient and relatively mild symptoms. However, for some, these symptoms persist, leading to significant consequences for both the mother and child. Understanding the risk factors and recognizing the signs are crucial steps in addressing this challenging condition.

1. Risk of Recurrence in Subsequent Births

• Psychological Changes: Individuals who experience high levels of stress during pregnancy and childbirth, those in unhappy marriages, and those lacking care and support from family members, especially spouses, are particularly susceptible to postpartum depression.
• History of Mental Illness: Women who have previously suffered from depression during pregnancy are at a substantially higher risk of experiencing postpartum depression in subsequent births.
• Biological Changes: After giving birth, hormonal shifts, notably the rapid decline of estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, and thyroid hormones, can lead to fatigue, lethargy, and depressive feelings.

2. Identifying Postpartum Depression for Prevention

• Physical Weakness: Many new mothers feel increasingly despondent and tearful without an apparent cause, experiencing a sense of isolation from family and society. They may become too fatigued to engage in routine chores, neglecting personal hygiene and grooming.
• Anxiety: Postpartum depression often manifests as excessive worry, frequently about one's own health. Mothers may complain of unexplained physical discomfort, typically in the head and neck regions, which exacerbates their distress. This persistent physical distress can intensify if left unaddressed.

• Panic Attacks: Some mothers may experience panic attacks triggered by everyday situations, struggling to regain composure. It is essential to help them avoid stressful situations whenever possible.
• Stress: Stress frequently accompanies depression and can exacerbate its severity. Depressed mothers often find it challenging to relax, and this type of stress cannot be alleviated by tranquilizers. Consulting a psychiatrist is necessary for proper treatment.
• Intrusive Thoughts: Mothers with postpartum depression may develop irrational fears, believing they pose a threat to family members, particularly their child. These fears, coupled with overwhelming guilt, are common symptoms that require attention.
• Impaired Concentration: Depressed mothers often struggle with concentration, making tasks like reading, watching TV, or engaging in normal conversations challenging. They may also experience memory lapses.
• Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia is common in individuals with depression. Many mothers have difficulty falling asleep, staying awake until dawn, or experiencing fragmented sleep patterns. Nightmares and disrupted sleep can further exacerbate stress.
• Loss of Interest in Sex: Postpartum depression can lead to a temporary loss of interest in sexual activities, which typically resolves as the mother's depression improves. Patience and emotional support from partners are crucial during this period, with gentle physical affection being helpful for both individuals.