Complications Arising from Cystitis

Cystitis, a medical term denoting inflammation, is primarily attributed to bacterial infections, often referred to as urinary tract infections. However, less frequently, cystitis can also manifest as a response to certain medications, radiation therapy, or stimulants. This condition can inflict numerous uncomfortable symptoms, including frequent urination, bloody urine, and cloudy urine. If left unattended for an extended duration, cystitis can give rise to perilous complications for affected individuals.

Bladder infections can affect anyone, irrespective of gender or age, with women being at higher risk due to the unique characteristics of their female genital organs, which can make them more susceptible to inflammation. Several habits and practices can contribute to the development of cystitis in women, such as inadequate water consumption, withholding urine, and leading a sedentary lifestyle.

1. Common Symptoms of Cystitis

• An intense and persistent urge to urinate, which can be distressing and persistent.
• A burning sensation during urination.
• Frequent urination, potentially accompanied by bloody, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine.
• A continual sensation of lower abdominal tightness, often accompanied by mild fever.
• In children, nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) may become more prevalent when cystitis is present.

2. Perilous Complications of Cystitis

• Kidney Infection and Kidney Failure: Cystitis can serve as a precursor to kidney infections. This occurs when bacteria from the bladder ascend to the kidneys. Prolonged untreated cystitis can result in kidney damage, potentially affecting one or both kidneys, and may ultimately lead to kidney failure. In severe cases, dialysis may be required due to the extensive damage inflicted upon both kidneys.

• Hematuria and Anemia: When cystitis escalates in severity, it can lead to hematuria, characterized by the presence of blood in the urine due to bacterial infection. If not promptly addressed, persistent hematuria can lead to anemia.
• Increased Risk of Infertility: In men, the urinary excretion route coincides with the path of ejaculation, with a close anatomical connection between the urinary and genital tracts. Infections originating in the urinary tract can spread to genital organs such as the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens. This can result in reduced fertility and an elevated risk of infertility.
• Overactive Bladder: Prolonged or recurrent cystitis can induce complications in the bladder wall and bladder nerves. This can lead to heightened bladder irritation and frequent urination due to the bladder's reduced capacity to hold urine.