Frequently Asked Questions about Refractive Diseases in Children

Refractive errors, particularly myopia, have become increasingly prevalent in school-age children due to the modern lifestyle and high visual demands. As parents and caregivers, it is important to be well-informed about refractive diseases to understand their causes, treatments, and potential complications. 

In this article, we will address some frequently asked questions related to refractive diseases in children.

Can medication and acupressure cure myopia?

To understand the treatment options for myopia, it is crucial to differentiate between false myopia (accommodation contracture) and true myopia. False myopia occurs due to eye strain from prolonged near work and can be managed through rest, eye tonics, and acupressure. However, true myopia requires corrective measures such as glasses as it cannot be cured by medication or acupressure.

Should myopic individuals avoid wearing glasses to prevent dependency?

Wearing glasses is essential for individuals with myopia to improve their visual function and enhance their quality of life. Avoiding glasses can hinder the development of binocular vision and adversely affect visual acuity. Wearing the correct prescription glasses is crucial for the proper development of binocular vision and eye coordination.

Does not wearing glasses worsen myopia? Does wearing glasses constantly make myopia worse?

There is no conclusive evidence to suggest that not wearing glasses exacerbates myopia progression. However, wearing the appropriate glasses is important for the development of binocular vision and coordination. Wearing glasses constantly does not accelerate myopia progression but aids in providing clear distance vision.

Is it sufficient to wear glasses only for distance vision if near vision is clear?

While it may seem logical to remove glasses for near tasks, individuals with myopia often need to bring objects closer to their eyes to see them clearly. Wearing glasses designed for myopia helps restore near-normal vision, enabling clear distance vision without the need to strain the eyes by bringing objects closer.

Is retinal degeneration due to myopia dangerous?

Mild retinal degeneration is common in school-age myopic children and usually does not pose significant risks. However, individuals with axial or pathological myopia may experience extensive retinal degeneration, particularly in the peripheral retina. 

This can lead to retinal tears and detachment, a severe complication. Regular monitoring of the fundus and timely treatment, such as laser photocoagulation, are essential for managing dangerous retinal degenerations.

What defines the quality of myopia glasses?

High-quality myopia glasses must have accurate prescriptions in terms of diopter number and pupillary distance. Additionally, the frames should be suitable for the individual's face, and the lenses should be of good quality. High-end glasses with clear origins offer transparency, realistic image quality, durability, and eye protection functions such as anti-glare and UV protection.

What does a periodic examination involve?

Periodic follow-up examinations are recommended to adjust glasses according to the degree of myopia. In cases of severe myopia with retinal degeneration, monitoring the fundus is crucial for early intervention, such as adjusting lifestyle factors and considering laser treatment if necessary.

What medications are used for myopia?

While a well-balanced diet and healthy lifestyle are essential, some medications can provide additional vitamins and anti-retinal agents to support eye health. However, oral medications are not intended to treat myopia directly but rather provide supplementary support. It is important to use these medications in moderation and under professional guidance.

How can the progression of myopia in children be limited?

Although myopia progression is influenced by various factors, establishing a balanced study and play routine can help reduce the rate of progression. Encouraging children to avoid excessive near work, take breaks to look at distant objects, and create a cool and spacious environment for living and playing. Occasionally using eye tonics in moderation can also be beneficial, but excessive reliance on them should be avoided.

When is myopia surgery an option?

The suitability for myopia surgery depends on the stability of the eye. Typically, surgery is considered when myopia has stabilized and has not increased by more than 0.5 diopters within a six-month period. 

It is generally recommended for individuals over the age of 18. However, in certain cases where there is severe refractive error causing amblyopia or other complications, surgery may be considered earlier. The decision to proceed with surgery requires careful consideration and consultation with an ophthalmologist.

Are there any complications associated with myopia?

In cases of school myopia without retinal damage, complications are generally minimal. However, individuals with myopia and associated choroidal or peripheral retinal degeneration are at an increased risk of developing retinal tears and detachment. 

Retinal detachment is a serious complication that can lead to vision loss or blindness. It is important for individuals with myopia and retinal degeneration to undergo regular monitoring and, if necessary, receive laser treatment to address any degenerative lesions in the retina.

Conclusion:

Understanding refractive diseases, particularly myopia, in children is crucial for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. By addressing common questions and concerns about myopia, we can promote better eye health management and provide appropriate guidance for children with refractive errors. 

Regular eye examinations, proper prescription glasses, healthy lifestyle habits, and timely interventions are key to managing and minimizing the impact of refractive diseases in children.