Endotext.org is the web-based source of information on endocrine disease directed to physicians around the world caring for patients with these problems. It is comprehensive, authoritative, constantly up-dated, un-biased, and available without cost to physicians and trainees. Join discussion...

Endocrinology book Join discussion...

Hypothyroidism is more frequent than we really believe. Old age is a risk factor. The causes are many, TSH estimation is the key for diagnosis. Treatment is by hormonal replacemet. Join discussion...

Thyroid disorder characterized by increased hormone secretion. The Symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment were discussed briefly. Join discussion...

Graves’ disease, a type of hyperthyroidism, is caused by a generalized overactivity of the entire thyroid gland. It is named for Robert Graves, an Irish physician, who was the first to describe this form of hyperthyroidism about 150 years ago. The symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment are discussed Join discussion...

The term “goiter” simply refers to the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is important to know that the presence of a goiter does not necessarily mean that the thyroid gland is malfunctioning. A goiter can occur in a gland that is producing too much hormone (hyperthyroidism), too little hormone (hypothyroidism), or the correct amount of hormone (euthyroidism). A goiter indicates there is a condition present which is causing the thyroid to grow abnormally Join discussion...

It has been appreciated for a very long time that there is a complex relationship between thyroid disease, body weight and metabolism. Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism in both animals and humans. Metabolism is determined by measuring the amount of oxygen used by the body over a specific amount of time. If the measurement is made at rest, it is known as the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Indeed, measurement of the BMR was one of the earliest tests used to assess a patient’s thyroid status. Pati Join discussion...

Thyroid hormone is used in two situations: 1) to replace the function of the thyroid gland, which is no longer functioning normally (“replacement therapy”) and 2) to prevent further growth of thyroid tissue (“suppression therapy”) Join discussion...

What do the following patients over the age of 60 years have in common? 1. A 72 year old grandmother with “fluttering of the heart” and vague chest discomfort on climbing stairs; 2. An 80 year old man with severe constipation who falls asleep during Bingo; 3. A 63 year old retired grade school teacher who has lost strength in her legs, causing difficulty in climbing stairs and in carrying more than 3 books at a time; she has recently lost 15 lbs in spite of a very good appetite; Join discussion...

As elderly patients get fatter, their blood levels of vitamin D decline even if they continue to go out into the noonday sun, according to researchers here Join discussion...